Optimization and analysis of nanosecond double-pulse laser texturing in metastable austenitic stainless steel

 

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of nanosecond double-pulse laser surface rillng (LST) on AISI 301LN stainless steel using a systematic design of experiments (DOE). Laser power and pulse configuration were varied to evaluate their effects on surface morphology, including depth-to-width ratio of the laser tracks, spatter formation, and surface roughness. The texturing process was performed using a Nd:YLF laser at 1047 nm, and surface features were characterized using SEM, 3D reconstruction, and profilometry. 

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression modeling revealed that both laser power and pulse type exerted statistically significant impacts on surface characteristics, with higher pulse numbers leading to deeper and rougher textures. Numerical analysis demonstrates that laser surface texturing of AISI 301LN stainless steel is dominated by transient melting and recoil-pressure-induced material ejection.

Increasing pulse number leads to heat accumulation, deeper melt pools, and enhanced cavity formation, consistent with experimental observations. Quantitative agreement between simulated and measured cavity depths supports the validity of the proposed ablation mechanisms. The results provide critical insights for optimizing laser processing of metastable austenitic stainless steels in industrial applications.

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