Abstract
Inter-module connections (IMCs) serve as the primary load-transfer mechanism in modular steel structures. However, many existing connection systems face challenges such as reliance on on-site welding, difficult disassembly, strict cross-sectional requirements for beams and columns, and complications in accessing intermediate connection regions.
To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a grouted connection for modular steel units. The connection offers rapid installation, operational simplicity, tolerance to alignment deviations, and eliminates the need for reserved construction openings—thereby enhancing on-site efficiency while maintaining a high degree of factory prefabrication. Static tests were conducted to evaluate the bending behavior of the proposed grouted connection, with cross-plate thickness and stud number as test variables. Experimental outcomes included failure modes, strain distributions, and moment-rotation responses.
Results show that increasing the cross-plate thickness from 12 mm to 16 mm raised the maximum moment capacity from 66.5 kN·m to 75.5 kN·m—a 13.5% increase—while also improving ductility. Additional studs further enhanced deformation capacity. Stress concentrations were identified at stud roots on lower corner fittings and in cover plate compression zones, though no plastic deformation was observed in the corner fittings. A simplified theoretical model and a design formula for bending capacity are established, providing a reliable reference for practical application of grouted connections in modular steel construction.
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